一起“限速器安全钳联动试验失效”案例的原因分析及对策研究

限速器作为电梯的主要安全装置,限速器与安全钳之间能否在电梯发生超速故障时可靠联动至关重要,直接影响到轿厢中乘客的人身安全。文章通过一起限速器安全钳联动试验失效案例的原因分析,以及对策研究,提出电梯限速器在现场安装、检验检测和日常的维护保养中应注意问题。提高现场安装人员、检验检测人员以及使用单位管理人员对电梯的安全认识,消除安全隐患,避免类似的问题重复出现。     

The effect of appliance energy efficiency improvements on domestic electric loads in European households

Across Europe domestic electricity consumption is on the rise. In an attempt to counter this increase, various initiatives have been introduced to promote the replacement of less energy-efficient appliances with more efficient ones. Whilst the likely aggregate effect of such measures over long time periods has been modelled extensively, little is known about the affect that a change to higher efficiency appliances will have on the electrical demand profile of individual households at higher temporal resolutions. To address this issue a means by which established approaches to detailed electrical demand modelling can be adapted to simulate the improvements in the efficiency of appliances is elaborated in this paper. A process is developed by which low-resolution empirical appliance demand data can be transformed to produce high-resolution electrical demand data for different periods in the year, factoring in improvements in appliance performance. The process is applied to simulate the effects a changeover to more energy-efficient appliances would have on the minute resolution demand profiles of a group of households. Results indicate that improving the energy-efficiency of appliances in households leads to a significant reduction in electrical energy requirements but does not appear to have a significant affect on the peak electrical demand.     

走向日常情景的觉醒：克里斯托与山本理显的对话

谈话讨论了建筑与克里斯托作品之间的一些异同,并从“日常生活”的角度诠释了两者。     

全方位《日用化工》课程体系的构建与实践

针对《日用化工》课程涉及内容广泛,产品繁多,工艺流程和设备枯燥无味等特点,将《日用化工》理论课与《应用化学综合实验》、《科学研究训练》等实践课程结合,全方位的构建《日用化工》课程体系,提高学生对该课程的学习兴趣,加大人才培养的力度。     

The association of comfort and vision in soft toric contact lens wear

PurposeThis work set out to investigate if there was an association between subjective comfort and both subjective and measured vision during the use of contemporary daily disposable soft toric contact lenses.MethodsThirty-eight habitual soft contact lens wearers wore each of three daily disposable toric lenses for one week in a prospective, crossover, randomised, single-masked study. The following clinical measures were recorded at dispensing and follow-up visits: biomicroscopy scores, lens fitting (including rotation and rotational stability), high and low contrast visual acuity, subjective vision quality and subjective ocular surface comfort. Subjective scores were collected using 0–10 numerical grading scales. Comfort scores were analysed using a linear regression model with age, sex, visit, phase of crossover (‘phase’), lens type, lens rotation, lens rotational stability, visual acuity, cylinder power and subjective vision quality as factors of interest and then refined using backward stepwise regression.ResultsThirty six participants (31.1 ± 13.5 years) completed the study. Comfort scores were found to be associated with subjective vision quality (F = 127.0 ; p < 0.0001), phase (F = 7.2; p = 0.001) and lens type (F = 4.9; p = 0.009). Greater comfort scores were observed with greater subjective vision quality scores. Visual acuity was not statistically significant in the model.ConclusionThis work suggests that symptoms of ocular discomfort may be more intense if there is also perceived visual compromise in daily disposable soft toric lenses. There was a stronger positive correlation between comfort and subjective vision quality compared with comfort and measured visual acuity.     

Normalization of Dialysis Dose for Daily Dialysis

The equilibrated Kt/V (eKtV) is widely used in hemodialysis (HD) as a measure of the intensity (magnitude) of an individual dialysis treatment. Adequate eKt/V for thrice‐weekly hemodialysis (twHD) has been extensively studied, and a value in the range 1.0 – 1.1 per treatment (3.0 – 3.3 weekly) is generally considered to represent adequate therapy for this specific frequency of dialysis. However, for other schedules, summing eKt/V's and time‐averaging the clearance is not appropriate. This was first demonstrated several years ago by the observation that a weekly eKt/V of 2.0 in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is therapeutically equal to a weekly eKt/V of 3.0 in twHD. That paradox has been resolved by the standard Kt/V (stdKt/V), which accounts for the first order nature of solute removal by dialysis, and which correctly predicts a normalized weekly stdKt/V of 2.0 for both CAPD and twHD. The equivalent renal clearance (EKR) has also been advanced as a method to normalize dose for varying treatment schedules. However, mathematical consideration shows that EKR is an exact time‐averaged clearance. Analysis of data reported for daily dialysis by Piccoli et al. in the present issue of Hemodialysis International shows that the EKR_ct/V calculated for daily dialysis is identical to the sum of eKt/V's for the individual dialyses. We therefore conclude that EKR is not a suitable parameter for normalizing the dialysis dose, because it fails to reflect the effect of dialysis frequency in HD therapy.     

Long‐term effects of daily hemodialysis on vascular access outcomes: A prospective controlled study

Daily hemodialysis has been associated with surrogate markers of improved survival among hemodialysis patients. A potential disadvantage of daily hemodialysis is that frequent vascular access cannulations may affect long‐term vascular access patency. The study design was a 4‐year, nonrandomized, contemporary control, prospective study of 77 subjects in either 3‐h daily hemodialysis (six 3‐h dialysis treatments weekly; n = 26) or conventional dialysis (three 4‐h dialysis treatments weekly; n = 51). Outcomes of interest were vascular access procedures (fistulagram, thrombectomy and access revision). Total access procedures (fistulagram, thrombectomy and access revision) were 543.2 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 432.9, 673.0) per 1000 person‐years in the conventional dialysis group vs. 400.8 (95% CI: 270.2, 572.4) per 1000 person‐years in the daily hemodialysis dialysis group (incidence rate ratio = 0.74 with 95% CI: from 0.40 to 1.36, P = 0.33), after adjusting for age, gender, diabetes status, serum phosphorus, hemoglobin level and erythropoietin dose, there was no significant differences in incidence rate of total access procedures (P‐value > 0.05). There was no difference in time to first access revision between the daily dialysis and the conventional dialysis groups after adjustment for covariates (hazard ratio = 0.99 95% CI: 0.42, 2.36, P = 0.96). Daily hemodialysis is not associated with increased vascular access complications, or increased vascular access failure rates.     

日常建筑的诗性实践——兼论圣卡特纳市场改造案例

简要阐述了日常生活批判理论及建筑的诗性实践理论,在此基础上对圣卡特纳市场改造项目进行分析,指出日常建筑进行诗性实践的可能性和重要性。     

沈150区块空气驱数值模拟研究

沈150区块经过近二十年的大规模水驱开发,油田早已进入中高含水期。在地质建模和水驱历史拟合的基础上,开展了气驱数值模拟研究,优选出最佳驱油方案,从而降低了现场试验的风险,为特低渗透油藏实施注空气驱油提供借鉴。沈150区块注空气驱油具有一定的可行性,可以有效动用部分难采储量,改善区块开发效果。     

Deoxynivalenol in the wheat milling process and wheat-based products and daily intake estimates for the Southern Brazilian population

Fusarium head blight of wheat is caused by the Fusarium species that produces mycotoxins, such as deoxynivalenol (DON). The distribution of DON in wheat products can lead to high economic and health impacts. The objective of this study was to evaluate the natural distribution of DON in the wheat milling process and wheat-based products, as well as the daily intake estimates for the Southern Brazilian population. The fractions of wheat grains (milled wheat, finished flour and bran) were produced in a mill. Additionally, wheat-derived products, such as pasta, bread and crackers were analyzed. The bran fraction had the highest mean concentration of DON (2278 μg kg⁻¹), followed by milled wheat and finished flour (1895 μg kg⁻¹ and 1305 μg kg⁻¹). The distribution factor in the finished flour (69%) fraction demonstrates that DON was reduced when compared to milled wheat, by contrast of bran fraction that presents higher DON levels (120%). A percentage of 35% bran, 35% finished flour and 30% milled wheat samples would not be in compliance with future Brazilian regulations for DON levels. From the wheat-based products analyzed, 17% of whole bread and 10% of salted cracker products were contaminated with DON, with a median of 437 μg kg⁻¹ and 624 μg kg⁻¹, respectively. The finished flour was the fraction that most contributes to the daily intake of DON in Southern Brazil, representing 89.6% of the provisional maximum tolerable daily intake.